Survival Challenge: Urban Warfare and Earthquake

📚 Disaster Survival Knowledge Base

🏚️ Earthquake Response Zone

⚡ What to do when an earthquake occurs

The Golden Triangle survival method has been proven to be a myth. The correct approach is:

Indoors: Drop, Cover, Hold On
Best shelter: Under a sturdy table, next to a sturdy door frame
Areas to avoid: Near windows, mirrors, chandeliers, tall furniture
Outdoors: Stay away from buildings, power lines, trees, and squat in an open area

Detailed steps analysis:

Lie down immediately after feeling the vibration: lower your center of gravity to avoid being knocked down
Find a sturdy table to drill into: Protect your head and body from falling objects
Hold the table legs tightly: prevent the table from moving and maintain protection
If there is no table: Protect your head and neck with your arms and squat against a wall
After the earthquake stops: carefully check your surroundings and watch out for aftershocks

Common misconceptions:

❌ Run under the door frame (door frames in modern buildings are not the strongest part)
❌ Golden Triangle Theory (disproven by experts)
❌ Run outside immediately (it is easy to get injured on the stairs)

🏗️ Building structure safety assessment

Key checkpoints for evaluating whether a building is safe for occupancy after an earthquake:

Structural cracks: Are there obvious cracks in the main beams, load-bearing columns, and load-bearing walls?
Building tilt: Use a vertical object to check if the wall is vertical
Deformed doors and windows: Failure to open and close properly may indicate structural deformation
Foundation settlement: Check whether the ground has uneven settlement

Hazard warning signs:

🔴Evacuate immediately: Penetrating cracks appear in the load-bearing wall
🔴Evacuate immediately: Severe cracks at the joints between beams and columns
🔴Evacuate immediately: The building is obviously tilted
🟡Use with caution: Small cracks on non-load-bearing walls
🟡Use with caution: doors and windows may be slightly deformed

Professional evaluation suggestions:

If in doubt, contact a structural engineer for a detailed assessment. Life safety is far more important than property safety.

📦 Earthquake emergency kit preparation

Essential items in a 72-hour emergency kit:

Water: 4 liters per person per day, at least for 3 days
Food: High-calorie foods that do not require cooking
First aid kits: essential medicines and medical supplies
Tools: Multi-purpose knife, flashlight, radio

Complete emergency kit checklist:

🧰 Basic Tools:

Multifunctional Swiss Army Knife
Waterproof flashlight + spare batteries
Waterproof matches or lighter
Whistle (for help)
Rope (at least 10 meters)
adhesive tape

🏥 Medical supplies:

Bandages and gauze
Disinfectant
Pain medication
Personal prescription medication
thermometer
Medical gloves

📍 Placement suggestions:

At home: bedside table, entrance
Office: Near personal seat
Inside the car: rear compartment
Note: Regular review and update (every 6 months)

⚔️ War Survival Zone

🎯 Tactical Movement and Concealment

Principles of movement in danger zones:

Low profile movement: reduce the chance of being discovered
Use cover: corners, vehicles, obstacles
Avoid open areas: easy targets
Nighttime operations: low visibility, relatively safe

Detailed explanation of mobile skills:

Observe-Move-Observe: Observe the surroundings before and after moving
Sprint: Pass through the danger zone quickly
Z-shaped movement: Avoid becoming a prediction target
Use shadows: Move in the shadows of buildings
Avoid silhouettes: Don’t show off your figure against a bright background

Hidden points:

🌙At night: avoid using light sources and adapt to dark environments
🏠Buildings : Choose a secluded spot with multiple exits
🌿Camouflage: Using environmental colors and materials
🔇Noise reduction: avoid metal collision sound

🏚️ Safe Shelter Selection

Characteristics of an ideal shelter:

Underground Space: Resistant to Blasts and Bombardment
Multiple entrances and exits: Avoid being trapped
Solid structure: concrete or masonry
Proximity to water sources: ensuring basic survival needs

Shelter Priority Order:

🥇Basement/subway station: best protection
🥈Air -raid shelter: specially designed
🥉Solid building lower floors: concrete structure
4️⃣Natural caves: stable rock structures
5️⃣ Homemade bunkers: the last resort

Shelter Improvement Methods:

💪Reinforce the entrance: stack heavy objects, set up obstacles
💨Improve ventilation: prevent suffocation and toxic gases
💧Drainage system: prevent water accumulation
🍱Storage space: plan food and water storage
🚨Alarm system: set up simple alarms

☣️ Chemical Threat Response

Identification and response to chemical pollution:

Warning signs: unusual odors, dead animals, wilting plants
Protective measures: Cover with wet cloth, take shelter in a confined space
Evacuation direction: against the wind, move to higher ground
Decontamination method: Rinse with plenty of water

Common types of chemical threats:

Nerve agents: affect the nervous system, symptoms include pupil constriction, muscle spasms

Asphyxiating agents: Damage to the respiratory system, such as chlorine and phosgene

Blistering agents: corrosive to skin and mucous membranes, causing blisters and ulcers

Emergency response steps:

🚨 Instantly identify threat types
💨 Quickly evacuate the contaminated area
🧽 Filter your breath with a damp cloth
🚿 Remove dirt immediately (undress, rinse)
🏥 Seek medical assistance

🏥 Medical emergency area

🫀 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Standard CPR operation process:

Check reaction: tap on the shoulder, call out loudly
Call for help: Dial emergency number
Chest compressions: 100-120 times/minute, 5-6 cm deep
Artificial respiration: 30 compressions: 2 breaths

CPR detailed operation guide:

Confirming a safe environment: Ensuring the safety of rescuers and patients
Assess awareness: tap on the shoulder, ask loudly, “Are you OK?”
Check breathing: observe chest rise and fall, listen to breathing (no more than 10 seconds)
Correct hand position: Place the base of your palms on the lower half of your sternum, with your hands overlapping.
Pressing technique: straight arm vertical press, full rebound
Artificial respiration: Tilt your head back, lift your chin, and seal your nostrils.

Quality indicators:

✅ Compression depth: 5-6 cm for adults
✅ Compression frequency: 100-120 times/minute
✅ Press interruption: Each interruption does not exceed 10 seconds
✅ Full rebound: fully relax after each press

🩸 Trauma hemostasis technology

Priority for hemostasis:

Direct pressure: Apply pressure to the wound with a clean cloth
Elevate the affected limb: above the heart
Compression hemostasis point: compression of arterial trunk
Tourniquet: A last resort, for severe bleeding

Treatment of different types of bleeding:

🔴 Arterial bleeding: bright red, pulsating bleeding, the most dangerous
Treatment: Immediate direct pressure + elevation + compression of hemostatic points

🔵 Venous bleeding: dark red, continuous bleeding
Treatment: Direct pressure + lifting can control

🟢 Capillary bleeding: slight bleeding
Treatment: Clean and disinfect + apply OK bandage

Principles of tourniquet use:

⏰Time record: record the usage time
🔄Relax regularly: Relax for 1-2 minutes every 20 minutes
📍Correct location: near the wound
⚠️Last resort: only used when life is threatened

🤒 Common disease treatment

Common health problems in disaster environments:

Dehydration: replenish electrolytes, drink small amounts of water frequently
Hypothermia: Rewarm gradually, avoid rapid heating
Infection: Keep clean and use antibiotics appropriately
Psychological trauma: provide emotional support and maintain communication

Dehydration symptoms and treatment:

Symptoms of mild dehydration: thirst, dark urine

Treatment: Oral electrolyte solution, 150-200 ml every 15 minutes

Symptoms of moderate dehydration: poor skin elasticity, dizziness

Treatment: Increase fluid infusion rate and monitor vital signs

Symptoms of severe dehydration: shock, altered consciousness

Treatment: Seek medical attention immediately, may require intravenous fluids

Infection prevention measures:

🧼 Wash your hands frequently and use disinfectant
🩹 Keep the wound clean and dry
💊 Use antibiotics rationally and avoid abuse
🍽️ Food is fully heated and water is disinfected

🎒 Resource Management Area

💧 Water source acquisition and purification

Water source priority:

Rainwater: The cleanest, just filter it
Well water/spring water: needs to be boiled for disinfection
River water: complete purification process is required
Waterlogging: Last choice, high risk of contamination

Complete water purification process:

Sedimentation: Let it sit for 2-4 hours to allow the sediment to settle
Coarse filtration: Use cloth to filter large particles of impurities
Fine filtration: using sand, stone and charcoal to make filters
Sterilization: Boil for at least 1 minute (3 minutes at high altitude)
Storage: Use clean and airtight containers

Simple filter making:

Materials: plastic bottles, pebbles, coarse sand, fine sand, charcoal, cloth

Layers (from top to bottom):

Cloth (to filter large impurities)
Fine sand (filter small particles)
Charcoal (absorbs odors and chemicals)
Coarse sand (support layer)
Small stones (drainage layer)

Water quality testing methods:

👁️Visual inspection: clarity, color, suspended matter
👃 Olfactory test: odor, chemical taste
🌿Environmental inspection: the status of plants and animals around the water source
⚠️Note: Even if it looks clear, it must be disinfected

🍱 Food preservation and management

Food storage principles:

Caloric density: Prioritize high-calorie foods
Shelf life: canned food > dried food > fresh food
Balanced nutrition: protein, carbohydrates, fat
Easy to carry: light weight and small size

Recommended emergency food list:

🥜 High-calorie foods:

Nuts (walnuts, almonds, peanuts)
High-calorie cookies
Energy Bars
chocolate
Dried fruits (raisins, dried figs)

🥫 Long-term storage of food:

Canned meat
Canned vegetables
Ready-to-eat cereals
milk powder
Pickled Food

Food Safety Principles:

🌡️Temperature control: keep hot food hot and cold food cold
⏰Time limit: no more than 2 hours at room temperature
🧼Cleaning: Wash hands before and after handling food
🚫Avoid cross contamination: handle raw and cooked food separately

Things to note when foraging in the wild:

⚠️ IMPORTANT WARNING:

Never eat wild plants or fungi without professional knowledge. The risk of poisoning is much greater than the risk of starvation.

🔧 Tool making and use

Essential Multi-Tool:

Swiss Army Knife: Blade, Scissors, Can Opener All-in-One
Tape: repair, fix, mark and other purposes
Rope: strong and durable, at least 10 meters long
Plastic bags: waterproofing, collection, storage

Improvisational tool making guide:

🔨 Simple Hammer:

Materials: Sturdy stone + wooden stick + rope or tape

Production: Tie the stone firmly to one end of the stick

⚡ Crowbar:

Material: Steel bar or metal pipe + wooden board

Production: Use the lever principle to increase the length of the lever arm

🔦 Oil lamp:

Materials: canned food + cloth strips + cooking oil

Production: Cloth strips as wicks, oil as fuel

Knot skills:

🪢Single knot: basic fixed knot
🪢Figure eight knot: a stop knot that is not easy to slip off
🪢Double knot: quickly fix the rope
🪢Contraction knot: for tying items

🧠 Mental health and team management

💪 Build mental toughness

Post-disaster psychological adjustment strategies:

Accept reality: Acknowledge the difficulties and focus on controllable factors
Goal Setting: Break Down Big Goals into Small Steps
Stay hopeful: believe that difficulties will pass
Find support: connect with others

Identification of stress responses:

Physical symptoms: Insomnia, loss of appetite, headache, muscle tension

Emotional symptoms: anxiety, fear, anger, despair

Behavioral symptoms: Difficulty concentrating, difficulty making decisions, social withdrawal

Coping skills:

🧘Deep breathing exercise: 4 seconds inhale - 4 seconds pause - 4 seconds exhale
🏃Moderate exercise: release stress hormones
💭Mindfulness meditation: focus on the present and reduce anxiety
📝Emotional diary: record your feelings and release your emotions

👥 Teamwork and Leadership

Principles of effective team management: